Anti-C4d Antibody for ICH on transplant tissue | BI-RC4D

Complement Activation Is Associated With Crescents in IgA Nephropathy. September Wang Z, Xie X, Li J, Zhang X, He J, Wang M, Lv J, Zhang H. Front Immunol. 2021 Sep 14;12:676919. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676919. PMID: 34594322; PMCID: PMC8477028.
Renal post-mortem findings in myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. Person F, Meyer SC, Hopfer H, Menter T Virchows. Arch. 2021 Nov;479(5):1013-1020. doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03129-y. Epub 2021 Jun 23. PMID: 34164707.
A Mixed-chimerism Protocol Utilizing Thymoglobulin and Belatacept Did Not Induce Lung Allograft Tolerance, Despite Previous Success in Renal Allotransplantation. Sommer W, O JM, Pruner KB, Dehnadi A, Ha Huh K, Robinson KA, Hanekamp I, Rosales I, Bean AS, Paster J, Oura T, Neal Smith R, Colvin R, Benichou G, Kawai T, Madsen JC, Allan JS.Transplant Direct. 2021 May 25;7(6):e705. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001150. PMID: 34056080; PMCID: PMC8154498.
Spectrum of Clinicopathologic Findings in COVID-19-induced Skin Lesions: Demonstration of Direct Viral Infection of the Endothelial Cells. Garrido Ruiz MC, Santos-Briz Á, Santos-Briz Á, Sánchez A, Alonso-Riaño M, Burgos J, Medina-Miguelañez M, Puebla L, Román-Curto C, Roncero-Riesco M, Garcia R, Ortiz PL, Rodriguez-Peralto JL. Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Mar 1;45(3):293-303. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001634. PMID: 33399338.
CD38 Antibody Daratumumab for the Treatment of Chronic Active Antibody-mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection. Doberer K, Kläger J, Gualdoni GA, Mayer KA, Eskandary F, Farkash EA, Agis H, Reiter T, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Wahrmann M, Cohen G, Haslacher H, Bond G, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Halloran PF, Böhmig GA.Transplantation. 2021 Feb 1;105(2):451-457. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003247. PMID: 32235256.
Clinical and Pathologic Feature of Patients With Early Versus Late Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Wu Z, Qiu L, Wang C, Liu X, Li Q, Yu S, Yue Y, Li J, Chen W, Lai J, Chen L, Wang C, Chen G.Transplant Proc. 2021 Apr;53(3):1025-1031. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.11.004. Epub 2021 Jan 5. PMID: 33419576.
The correlation of anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody with complement activation in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ma Y, Jin L, Lan L, Ren P, Chen J, Han F. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021 May;53(5):955-959. doi: 10.1007/s11255-020-02698-2. Epub 2021 Jan 3. PMID: 33392885.
Hepatitis B Virus-related Vasculitic Neuropathy in an Inactive Virus Carrier Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Kusama K, Nakae Y, Tada M, Higashiyama Y, Miyaji Y, Yamaura G, Kunii M, Tanaka K, Ohyama K, Koike H, Joki H, Doi H, Koyano S, Tanaka F.Intern Med. 2020 Dec 1;59(23):3075-3078. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4498-20. Epub 2020 Aug 4. PMID: 32759579; PMCID: PMC7759712.
Immunoadsorption Combined with Membrane Filtration to Counteract Early Treatment-Refractory Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Doberer, K., Bond, G., Kläger, J., Regele, H., Strassl, R., Reindl-Schwaighofer, R., Scheriau, G., Wahrmann, M., Kikić, Ž., Faé, I., Fischer, G., Böhmig, G.A., Eskandary, F., 2020. BPU 1–10.
C4d immunohistochemical stain of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue as a sensitive method in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Kamyab, K., Abdolreza, M., Ghanadan, A., Mortazavi, H., Nikoo, A., Motavalli, F., Nasimi, M., 2019. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 0.
Renal injury following long-term exposure to carbon disulfide: analysis of a case series. Yan, Y., Wang, C., Zheng, Z., Qu, L., Zeng, D., Li, M., 2019. BMC Nephrol 20, 377.
Response to Treatment and Long-Term Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Acute T Cell-Mediated Rejection. Bouatou, Y., Viglietti, D., Pievani, D., Louis, K., Duong Van Huyen, J.-P., Rabant, M., Aubert, O., Taupin, J.-L., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Loupy, A., Lefaucheur, C., 2019. Am J Transplant. PMID: 30748089
Complement-mediated microangiopathy in IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis with nephritis. Chua, J.S., Zandbergen, M., Wolterbeek, R., Baelde, H.J., van Es, L.A., de Fijter, J.W., Bruijn, J.A., Bajema, I.M., 2019. Mod Pathol PMID: 30936425
Clazakizumab in late antibody-mediated rejection: study protocol of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Eskandary, F., Dürr, M., Budde, K., Doberer, K., Reindl-Schwaighofer, R., Waiser, J., Wahrmann, M., Regele, H., Spittler, A., Lachmann, N., Firbas, C., Mühlbacher, J., Bond, G., Halloran, P.F., Chong, E., Jilma, B., Böhmig, G.A., 2019. Trials 20, 37.
Presence of intragraft B cells during acute renal allograft rejection is accompanied by changes in peripheral blood B cell subsets. Heidt, S., Vergunst, M., Anholts, J.D.H., Swings, G.M.J.S., Gielis, E.M.J., Groeneweg, K.E., Witkamp, M.J., de Fijter, J.W., Reinders, M.E.J., Roelen, D.L., Eikmans, M., Claas, F.H.J., 2019. Clin Exp Immunol. PMID: 30712266
C4d immunohistochemical stain of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue as a sensitive method in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Kamyab, K., Abdolreza, M., Ghanadan, A., Mortazavi, H., Nikoo, A., Motavalli, F., Nasimi, M., 2019. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.
Complement Markers in Blood and Urine: No Diagnostic Value in Late Silent Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Mezo, B., Heilos, A., Böhmig, G.A., Eskandary, F., Wahrmann, M., Bond, G., Kozakowski, N., Halloran, P.F., Rusai, K., Prohászka, Z., 2019. Transplantation Direct 5, e470.
Management of Chronic Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: Single-Center Experience. Nair, P., Gheith, O., Al-Otaibi, T., Mostafa, M., Rida, S., Sobhy, I., Halim, M.A., Mahmoud, T., Abdul-Hameed, M., Maher, A., Emam, M., 2019. Exp Clin Transplant 17, 113–119. PMID: 30777534
Outcomes and Complications Following ABO-incompatible Kidney Transplantation Performed after Desensitization by Semi-selective Immunoadsorption. Speer, C., Kälble, F., Nusshag, C., Pego da Silva, L., Schaier, M., Becker, L.E., Klein, K., Sommerer, C., Beimler, J., Leo, A., Waldherr, R., Mehrabi, A., Süsal, C., Zeier, M., Morath, C., 2019. Transpl. Int. PMID: 31322786
Glomerular C4d deposition can precede the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. van de Lest, N.A., Zandbergen, M., Wolterbeek, R., Kreutz, R., Trouw, L.A., Dorresteijn, E.M., Bruijn, J.A., Bajema, I.M., Scharpfenecker, M., Chua, J.S., 2019. Kidney International.
Clinical Significance of C4d Deposition in Renal Tissues from Patients with Primary Sj&oumlgren’s Syndrome--A Preliminary Study. Xia, W., Gao, B., Duan, L., Li, Y., Wen, Y., Chen, L., Li, X., Zheng, F., Li, M., 2019. bioRxiv 562215.
Circulating NK cell subsets and NKT‑like cells in renal transplant recipients with acute T‑cell‑mediated renal allograft rejection. Xu, X., Han, Y., Huang, H., Bi, L., Kong, X., Ma, X., Shi, B., Xiao, L., 2019. Mol Med Rep 19, 4238–4248. PMID: 30942398
Complement Activation in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Bus, P., Chua, J.S., Klessens, C.Q.F., Zandbergen, M., Wolterbeek, R., van Kooten, C., Trouw, L.A., Bruijn, J.A., Baelde, H.J., 2018. Kidney Int Rep 3, 302–313. PMID: 29725633; PMCID: PMC5932121
MicroRNA signatures in cardiac biopsies and detection of allograft rejection. Di Francesco, A., Fedrigo, M., Santovito, D., Natarelli, L., Castellani, C., De Pascale, F., Toscano, G., Fraiese, A., Feltrin, G., Benazzi, E., Nocco, A., Thiene, G., Valente, M., Valle, G., Schober, A., Gerosa, G., Angelini, A., 2018. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 37, 1329–1340. PMID: 30174164
Anti-C1s monoclonal antibody BIVV009 in late antibody-mediated kidney allograft rejection-results from a first-in-patient phase 1 trial. Eskandary, F., Jilma, B., Mühlbacher, J., Wahrmann, M., Regele, H., Kozakowski, N., Firbas, C., Panicker, S., Parry, G.C., Gilbert, J.C., Halloran, P.F., Böhmig, G.A., 2018. Am. J. Transplant. 18, 916–926. PMID: 28980446
A Randomized Trial of Bortezomib in Late Antibody-Mediated Kidney Transplant Rejection. Eskandary, Farsad, Regele, H., Baumann, L., Bond, G., Kozakowski, N., Wahrmann, M., Hidalgo, L.G., Haslacher, H., Kaltenecker, C.C., Aretin, M.-B., Oberbauer, R., Posch, M., Staudenherz, A., Handisurya, A., Reeve, J., Halloran, P.F., Böhmig, G.A., 2018. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 591–605. PMID: 29242250; PMCID: PMC5791086
Association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies with graft histology, function and survival in paediatric renal transplant recipients. Fichtner, A., Süsal, C., Schröder, C., Höcker, B., Rieger, S., Waldherr, R., Westhoff, J.H., Sander, A., Dragun, D., Tönshoff, B., 2018. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 33, 1065–1072. PMID: 29444269
The lectin pathway in renal disease: old concept and new insights. Gaya da Costa, M., Poppelaars, F., Berger, S.P., Daha, M.R., Seelen, M.A., 2018. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. PMID: 29701808
Complement activation associated with ADAMTS13 deficiency may contribute to the characteristic glomerular manifestations in Upshaw-Schulman syndrome. Itami, H., Hara, S., Matsumoto, M., Imamura, S., Kanai, R., Nishiyama, K., Ishimura, M., Ohga, S., Yoshida, M., Tanaka, R., Ogawa, Y., Asada, Y., Sekita-Hatakeyama, Y., Hatakeyama, K., Ohbayashi, C., 2018. Thromb. Res. 170, 148–155. PMID: 30195146
T cell-mediated rejection is a major determinant of inflammation in scarred areas in kidney allografts. Lefaucheur, C., Gosset, C., Rabant, M., Viglietti, D., Verine, J., Aubert, O., Louis, K., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Duong Van Huyen, J.-P., Loupy, A., 2018a. Am. J. Transplant. 18, 377–390. PMID: 29086461
Complement-Activating Anti-HLA Antibodies in Kidney Transplantation: Allograft Gene Expression Profiling and Response to Treatment. Lefaucheur, C., Viglietti, D., Hidalgo, L.G., Ratner, L.E., Bagnasco, S.M., Batal, I., Aubert, O., Orandi, B.J., Oppenheimer, F., Bestard, O., Rigotti, P., Reisaeter, A.V., Kamar, N., Lebranchu, Y., Duong Van Huyen, J.-P., Bruneval, P., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Empana, J.-P., Jouven, X., Segev, D.L., Montgomery, R.A., Zeevi, A., Halloran, P.F., Loupy, A., 2018b. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 620–635. PMID: 29042454; PMCID: PMC5791056
Complement activation in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Li, X.-Q., Chang, D.-Y., Chen, M., Zhao, M.-H., 2018. Diabetes Metab. PMID: 29729954
Global quality assessment of liver allograft C4d staining during acute antibody-mediated rejection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Neil, D.A.H., Bellamy, C.O., Smith, M., Haga, H., Zen, Y., Sebagh, M., Ruppert, K., Lunz, J., Hübscher, S.G., Demetris, A.J., 2018. Human Pathology 73, 144–155.
Mesangial C4d Deposits in Early IgA Nephropathy. Segarra, A., Romero, K., Agraz, I., Ramos, N., Madrid, A., Carnicer, C., Jatem, E., Vilalta, R., Lara, L.E., Ostos, E., Valtierra, N., Jaramillo, J., Arredondo, K.V., Ariceta, G., Martinez, C., 2018. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 13, 258–264.
A rare case of Alport syndrome, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Tao, J., Lieberman, J., Lafayette, R.A., Kambham, N., 2018. BMC Nephrol 19, 355. PMID: 30541482
Complement-binding anti-HLA antibodies are independent predictors of response to treatment in kidney recipients with antibody-mediated rejection. Viglietti, D., Bouatou, Y., Kheav, V.D., Aubert, O., Suberbielle-Boissel, C., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Taupin, J.-L., Zeevi, A., Loupy, A., Lefaucheur, C., 2018. Kidney Int. PMID: 29801667
CD68 immunostaining of tubular epithelium is an excellent indicator of Calcineurin inhibitor toxicity in kidney transplant patient. Abu-farsakh, H., Md, Farsak, H.A., Badran, N., Md, 2017. Histology and Histopathology Research 1
Diagnostic Contribution of Donor-Specific Antibody Characteristics to Uncover Late Silent Antibody-Mediated Rejection-Results of a Cross-Sectional Screening Study. Eskandary, F., Bond, G., Kozakowski, N., Regele, H., Marinova, L., Wahrmann, M., Kikić, Ž., Haslacher, H., Rasoul-Rockenschaub, S., Kaltenecker, C.C., König, F., Hidalgo, L.G., Oberbauer, R., Halloran, P.F., Böhmig, G.A., 2017. Transplantation 101, 631–641. PMID: 27120452
Circulating donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies are a major factor in premature and accelerated allograft fibrosis. Gosset, C., Viglietti, D., Rabant, M., Vérine, J., Aubert, O., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Taupin, J.-L., Duong Van-Huyen, J.-P., Loupy, A., Lefaucheur, C., 2017. Kidney Int. 92, 729–742. PMID: 28554738
Impact of Antibodies That React With Liver Tissue and Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies in Pediatric Idiopathic Posttransplantation Hepatitis. Hirata, Y., Yoshizawa, A., Egawa, H., Ueda, D., Okamoto, S., Okajima, H., Yurugi, K., Hishida, R., Hirai, H., Miyagawa-Hayashino, A., Maekawa, T., Haga, H., Uemoto, S., 2017. Transplantation 101, 1074–1083. PMID: 28118175; PMCID: PMC5642348
Detection of T and B cells specific complement-fixing alloantibodies using flow cytometry: A diagnostic approach for a resource limited laboratory. Jain, D., Dorwal, P., Pande, A., Tyagi, N., Mehra, S., Raina, V., 2017. Asian J Transfus Sci 11, 171–179. PMID: 28970687; PMCID: PMC5613426
Circulating complement component 4d (C4d) correlates with tumor volume, chemotherapeutic response and survival in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Klikovits, T., Stockhammer, P., Laszlo, V., Dong, Y., Hoda, M.A., Ghanim, B., Opitz, I., Frauenfelder, T., Nguyen-Kim, T.D.L., Weder, W., Berger, W., Grusch, M., Aigner, C., Klepetko, W., Dome, B., Renyi-Vamos, F., Oehler, R., Hegedus, B., 2017. Sci Rep 7, 16456. PMID: 29184132; PMCID: PMC5705645
Diffuse Extent of Peritubular Capillaritis in Late Antibody-Mediated Rejection: Associations With Levels of Donor-Specific Antibodies and Chronic Allograft Injury. Kozakowski, N., Eskandary, F., Herkner, H., Bond, G., Oberbauer, R., Regele, H., Böhmig, G.A., Kikić, Ž., 2017. Transplantation 101, e178–e187. PMID: 28252564
Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Renal Allograft Rejection: Improving Step by Step. Lachmann, N., Duerr, M., Schönemann, C., Pruß, A., Budde, K., Waiser, J., 2017. J Immunol Res 2017, 6872046. PMID: 28255562; PMCID: PMC5306998
The Effect of Cortex/Medulla Proportions on Molecular Diagnoses in Kidney Transplant Biopsies: Rejection and Injury Can Be Assessed in Medulla. Madill-Thomsen, K.S., Wiggins, R.C., Eskandary, F., Böhmig, G.A., Halloran, P.F., 2017. Am. J. Transplant. 17, 2117–2128. PMID: 28226404; PMCID: PMC5550741
The Timing of Immunomodulation Induced by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Determines the Outcome of the Graft in Experimental Renal Allotransplantation. Merino, A., Ripoll, E., de Ramon, L., Bolaños, N., Goma, M., Bestard, O., Lloberas, N., Grinyo, J.M., Ambròs, J.T., 2017. Cell Transplant 26, 1017–1030. PMID: 28160460; PMCID: PMC5657755
Persistent C4d and antibody-mediated rejection in pediatric renal transplant patients. South, A.M., Maestretti, L., Kambham, N., Grimm, P.C., Chaudhuri, A., 2017. Pediatr Transplant 21. PMID: 28833936; PMCID: PMC5645786
Elevated factor H-related protein 1 and factor H pathogenic variants decrease complement regulation in IgA nephropathy. Tortajada, A., Gutiérrez, E., Goicoechea de Jorge, E., Anter, J., Segarra, A., Espinosa, M., Blasco, M., Roman, E., Marco, H., Quintana, L.F., Gutiérrez, J., Pinto, S., Lopez-Trascasa, M., Praga, M., Rodriguez de Córdoba, S., 2017. Kidney Int. 92, 953–963. PMID: 28637589
Value of Donor–Specific Anti–HLA Antibody Monitoring and Characterization for Risk Stratification of Kidney Allograft Loss. Viglietti, D., Loupy, A., Vernerey, D., Bentlejewski, C., Gosset, C., Aubert, O., Duong van Huyen, J.-P., Jouven, X., Legendre, C., Glotz, D., Zeevi, A., Lefaucheur, C., 2017. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 28, 702–715.
Value of Donor–Specific Anti–HLA Antibody Monitoring and Characterization for Risk Stratification of Kidney Allograft Loss. Viglietti, D., Loupy, A., Vernerey, D., Bentlejewski, C., Gosset, C., Aubert, O., Duong van Huyen, J.-P., Jouven, X., Legendre, C., Glotz, D., Zeevi, A., Lefaucheur, C., 2017. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 28, 702–715.
Ig-like transcript 4 as a cellular receptor for soluble complement fragment C4d. Hofer, J., Forster, F., Isenman, D.E., Wahrmann, M., Leitner, J., Hölzl, M.A., Kovarik, J.J., Stockinger, H., Böhmig, G.A., Steinberger, P., Zlabinger, G.J., 2016. The FASEB Journal 30, 1492–1503.
IgG Donor-Specific Anti-Human HLA Antibody Subclasses and Kidney Allograft Antibody-Mediated Injury. Lefaucheur, C., Viglietti, D., Bentlejewski, C., Duong van Huyen, J.-P., Vernerey, D., Aubert, O., Verine, J., Jouven, X., Legendre, C., Glotz, D., Loupy, A., Zeevi, A., 2016. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 27, 293–304.
Acute Cellular Rejection and C4d Positivity in Heart Transplantation A Manifestation of Asymptomatic Antibody-Mediated Rejection? Mohamedali, B., Pyle, J., Bhat, G., 2016. Am J Clin Pathol 145, 238–243.
Deceased donor kidney transplantation across donor-specific antibody barriers: predictors of antibody-mediated rejection. Schwaiger, E., Eskandary, F., Kozakowski, N., Bond, G., Kikić, Ž., Yoo, D., Rasoul-Rockenschaub, S., Oberbauer, R., Böhmig, G.A., 2016. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 31, 1342–1351.
Complement Factor C4d Is a Common Denominator in Thrombotic Microangiopathy. Chua, J.S., Baelde, H.J., Zandbergen, M., Wilhelmus, S., van Es, L.A., de Fijter, J.W., Bruijn, J.A., Bajema, I.M., Cohen, D., 2015. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 26, 2239–2247.
The 20S proteasome core, active within apoptotic exosome-like vesicles, induces autoantibody production and accelerates rejection. Dieudé, M., Bell, C., Turgeon, J., Beillevaire, D., Pomerleau, L., Yang, B., Hamelin, K., Qi, S., Pallet, N., Béland, C., Dhahri, W., Cailhier, J.-F., Rousseau, M., Duchez, A.-C., Lévesque, T., Lau, A., Rondeau, C., Gingras, D., Muruve, D., Rivard, A., Cardinal, H., Perreault, C., Desjardins, M., Boilard, É., Thibault, P., Hébert, M.-J., 2015. Science Translational Medicine 7, 318ra200-318ra200.
Subclinical Rejection Phenotypes at 1 Year Post-Transplant and Outcome of Kidney Allografts. Loupy, A., Vernerey, D., Tinel, C., Aubert, O., Duong van Huyen, J.-P., Rabant, M., Verine, J., Nochy, D., Empana, J.-P., Martinez, F., Glotz, D., Jouven, X., Legendre, C., Lefaucheur, C., 2015. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 26, 1721–1731.
Determinants and Outcomes of Accelerated ArteriosclerosisNovelty and Significance: Major Impact of Circulating Antibodies. Loupy, Alexandre, Vernerey, D., Viglietti, D., Aubert, O., Duong Van Huyen, J.-P., Empana, J.-P., Bruneval, P., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Jouven, X., Lefaucheur, C., 2015. Circulation Research 117, 470–482.
Classical Complement Pathway Activation in the Kidneys of Women With PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance. Penning, M., Chua, J.S., van Kooten, C., Zandbergen, M., Buurma, A., Schutte, J., Bruijn, J.A., Khankin, E.V., Bloemenkamp, K., Karumanchi, S.A., Baelde, H., 2015. Hypertension 66, 117–125.
C4d FlowPRA is a useful tool in live related renal transplants. Dorwal, P., Pande, A., Mehra, S., Tyagi, N., Jain, D., Raina, V., 2014. Pathology 46, 471–472. PMID: 24977744
Association of C4d Deposition with Clinical Outcomes in IgA Nephropathy. Espinosa, M., Ortega, R., Sanchez, M., Segarra, A., Salcedo, M.T., Gonzalez, F., Camacho, R., Valdivia, M.A., Cabrera, R., Lopez, K., Pinedo, F., Gutierrez, E., Valera, A., Leon, M., Cobo, M.A., Rodriguez, R., Ballarin, J., Arce, Y., Garcia, B., Munoz, M.D., Praga, M., for the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN), 2014. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 9, 897–904.
Molecular Microscope Strategy to Improve Risk Stratification in Early Antibody-Mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection. Loupy, A., Lefaucheur, C., Vernerey, D., Chang, J., Hidalgo, L.G., Beuscart, T., Verine, J., Aubert, O., Dubleumortier, S., Duong van Huyen, J.-P., Jouven, X., Glotz, D., Legendre, C., Halloran, P.F., 2014. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 25, 2267–2277.
Stable long-term mixed chimerism achieved in a canine model of allogeneic in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation. Vrecenak, J.D., Pearson, E.G., Santore, M.T., Todorow, C.A., Li, H., Radu, A., Bhatti, T., Peranteau, W.H., Johnson, M.P., Flake, A.W., 2014. Blood 124, 1987–1995.
Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in infiltrating inflammatory cells is associated with chronic allograft dysfunction and predicts long-term graft survival. Yu, T.-M., Wen, M.-C., Li, C.-Y., Cheng, C.-H., Wu, M.-J., Chen, C.-H., Shu, K.-H., 2013. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 28, 659–670.
Preeclampsia Is Characterized by Placental Complement Dysregulation. Buurma, A., Cohen, D., Veraar, K., Schonkeren, D., Claas, F.H., Bruijn, J.A., Bloemenkamp, K.W., Baelde, H.J., 2012. Hypertension 60, 1332–1337.
In vitro detection of C4d-fixing HLA alloantibodies: associations with capillary C4d deposition in kidney allografts. Bartel, G., Wahrmann, M., Exner, M., Regele, H., Huttary, N., Schillinger, M., Körmöczi, G.F., Hörl, W.H., Böhmig, G.A., 2008. Am. J. Transplant. 8, 41–49. PMID: 17924995
C4d deposits mark sites of meniscal tissue disintegration. Dankof, A., Krenn, V., 2006. Virchows Archiv 449, 230–233.
Glomerular Activation of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in IgA Nephropathy Is Associated with More Severe Renal Disease. Roos, A., 2006. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 17, 1724–1734.
Rescue therapy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil does not prevent deterioration of graft function in C4d-positive chronic allograft nephropathy. Schwarz, C., Regele, H., Huttary, N., Wahrmann, M., Exner, M., Nagy-Bojarsky, K., Kletzmayr, J., Hörl, W.H., Böhmig, G.A., 2006. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 118, 397–404.
Chronic Antibody Mediated Rejection of Renal Allografts: Pathological, Serological and Immunologic Features in Nonhuman Primates. Smith, R.N., Kawai, T., Boskovic, S., Nadazdin, O., Sachs, D.H., Cosimi, A.B., Colvin, R.B., 2006. American Journal of Transplantation 6, 1790–1798.
Comparison of C4d Immunostaining Methods in Renal Allograft Biopsies. Troxell, M.L., 2006. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1, 583–591.
Evaluation of C4d Staining in Liver and Small Intestine Allografts. Troxell, M.L., Higgins, J.P., Kambham, N., 2006. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130, 8
Pivotal Role of Complement-Fixing HLA Alloantibodies in Presensitized Kidney Allograft Recipients: Role of Complement-Fixing HLA Presensitization. Wahrmann, M., Exner, M., Schillinger, M., Haidbauer, B., Regele, H., Körmöczi, G.F., Hörl, W.H., Böhmig, G.A., 2006. American Journal of Transplantation 6, 1033–1041.
Angiotensin II type 1-receptor activating antibodies in renal-allograft rejection. Dragun, D., Müller, D.N., Bräsen, J.H., Fritsche, L., Nieminen-Kelhä, M., Dechend, R., Kintscher, U., Rudolph, B., Hoebeke, J., Eckert, D., Mazak, I., Plehm, R., Schönemann, C., Unger, T., Budde, K., Neumayer, H.-H., Luft, F.C., Wallukat, G., 2005. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 558–569. PMID: 15703421
Severe early acute humoral rejection resulting in allograft loss in a renal transplant recipient with Campath-1H induction therapy. Hill, P., Gagliardini, E., Ruggenenti, P., Remuzzi, G., 2005. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 20, 1741–1744.
Comparative study for the detection of peritubular capillary C4d deposition in human renal allografts using different methodologies. Nadasdy, G.M., Bott, C., Cowden, D., Pelletier, R., Ferguson, R., Nadasdy, T., 2005. Human Pathology 36, 1178–1185.
[C4d]FlowPRA Screening—A Specific Assay for Selective Detection of Complement-Activating Anti-HLA Alloantibodies. Wahrmann, M., Exner, M., Haidbauer, B., Schillinger, M., Regele, H., Körmöczi, G., Böhmig, G.A., 2005. Human Immunology 66, 526–534.
Description of B Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells, Complement, and Chemokines/Receptors in Acute Liver Allograft Rejection: Krukemeyer, M.G., Moeller, J., Morawietz, L., Rudolph, B., Neumann, U., Theruvath, T., Neuhaus, P., Krenn, V., 2004. Transplantation 78, 65–70.
Risk Factors for Capillary C4d Deposition in Kidney Allografts: Evaluation of a Large Study Cohort: Lorenz, M., Regele, H., Schillinger, M., Exner, M., Rasoul-Rockenschaub, S., Wahrmann, M., Kletzmayr, J., Silberhumer, G., H??rl, W.H., B??hmig, G.A., 2004. Transplantation 78, 447–452.
Flow cytometry based detection of HLA alloantibody mediated classical complement activation. Wahrmann, M., Exner, M., Regele, H., Derfler, K., Körmöczi, G.F., Lhotta, K., Zlabinger, G.J., Böhmig, G.A., 2003. Journal of Immunological Methods 275, 149–160.
Capillary C4d deposition in kidney allografts: a specific marker of alloantibody-dependent graft injury. Böhmig, G.A., Exner, M., Habicht, A., Schillinger, M., Lang, U., Kletzmayr, J., Säemann, M.D., Hörl, W.H., Watschinger, B., Regele, H., 2002. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13, 1091–1099 PMID: 11912271
Capillary Deposition of Complement Split Product C4d in Renal Allografts is Associated with Basement Membrane Injury in Peritubular and Glomerular Capillaries: A Contribution of Humoral Immunity to Chronic Allograft Rejection. Regele, H., 2002. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 13, 2371–2380.
Endothelial C4d deposition is associated with inferior kidney allograft outcome independently of cellular rejection. Regele, H., Exner, M., Watschinger, B., Wenter, C., Wahrmann, M., Österreicher, C., Säemann, M.D., Mersich, N., Hörl, W.H., Zlabinger, G.J., Böhmig, G.A., 2001. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 16, 2058–2066.

Anti-C4d Antibody | BI-RC4D

Anti-C4d Antibody Product Overview

Anti-C4d Antibody Components

Anti-C4d Antibody Assay Protocol

Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections using the C4d polyclonal antibody

Indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections using the Polyclonal C4d Antibody.

C4d Function

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1.	Deparaffinize and rehydrate tissue section
2.	For antigen retrieval, pressure-cook slides for 5 minutes at +125°C in TRIS/EDTA buffer (pH 8.5) (in Pascal Pressurized Heating Chamber, Dako or equivalent) and cool down to room temperature (20 minutes) TRIS/EDTA Buffer: 10 ml 1M TRIS (pH 9) + 20 ml 0.05M EDTA (pH 7.5) + 970 ml H2O bidest.
3.	Wash sections in PBS.
4.	Block endogenous peroxidase with 3% H2O2 in PBS for 10 minutes.
5.	Wash sections in PBS.
6.	Incubate with UltraVision Block (LabVision) for 5 minutes.
7.	Wash sections in PBS.
8.	Apply anti-C4d antibody 1:30-1:50 in PBS including 1% BSA for 60 minutes at room temperature.
9.	Wash sections in PBS.
10.	Apply Value Primary Antibody Enhancer (LabVision) and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature.
11.	Wash in PBS
12.	Apply Value HRP Polymer (LabVision) 30 minutes at room temperature (dark chamber)
13.	Wash in PBS
14.	Apply DAB or AEC chromogen (adjust time according to positive control).
15.	Wash sections in tap water for 10 minutes.
16.	Counter stain sections with haemalaun acc. Mayer for 1 minute.
17.	Coverslip sections using an aqueous mounting media.

1.	Frozen sections are incubated with rabbit anti-C4d pAb in a dilution of 1:20-1:30 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 30 minutes at room temperature.
2.	Wash 4 times with PBS.
3.	After washing with PBS, bound antibody is detected by incubation with an appropriate FITC-labeled secondary anti-rabbit antibody (dilution according to the respective supplier’s protocol).
4.	Wash 4 times with PBS.
5.	Coverslip sections using an aqueous mounting media.