World Cancer Day

World Cancer Day is a campaign to promote global awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment. The day was initiated by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2000 serving as a platform to promote research, improve education, and increase funding for cancer treatment and care.

World Cancer Day 

Key Statistics: The Global Impact of Cancer

Cancer is one of the foremost causes of mortality around the globe. In 2022, there were nearly 20 million new cases, and 9.7 million deaths attributed to cancer worldwide. Projections indicate that by 2040, the annual number of new cancer cases could reach 29.9 million, with cancer-related deaths increasing to 15.3 million.

In general, cancer rates tend to be highest in countries where populations enjoy greater life expectancy, educational attainment, and living standards. However, certain types of cancer, such as cervical cancer, show a contrasting trend, with the highest incidence found in countries where these measures are lower (1, 2).

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Literature

1. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics
2. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int J Cancer. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Bray F. 2021 Apr 5. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33588. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33818764.

 

Further reading

Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer. Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 20;21(4):1447. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041447. PMID: 32093338; PMCID: PMC7073095.

Abstract

The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) displays widespread regional differences, probably owing to differences in dietary habits. Nutrients, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins (vitamin A, D, and E), and polyphenols, potentially affect PCa pathogenesis and progression, as previously reported using animal models; however, clinical studies have reported controversial results for almost all nutrients. The effects of these nutrients may be manifested through various mechanisms including inflammation, antioxidant effects, and the action of sex hormones. Dietary patterns including the Western and Prudent patterns also influence the risk of PCa. Recent studies reported that the gut microbiota contribute to tumorigenesis in some organs. Diet composition and lifestyle have a direct and profound effect on the gut bacteria. Human studies reported an increase in the abundance of specific gut bacteria in PCa patients. Although there are few studies concerning their relationship, diet and nutrition could influence PCa, and this could be mediated by gut microbiota. An intervention of dietary patterns could contribute to the prevention of PCa. An intervention targeting dietary patterns may thus help prevent PCa.

Breast cancer: A review of risk factors and diagnosis. Medicine (Baltimore). Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU 2024 Jan 19;103(3):e36905. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036905. PMID: 38241592; PMCID: PMC10798762.

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a complex and prevalent health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted landscape of breast cancer, elucidating the diverse spectrum of risk factors contributing to its occurrence and exploring advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Through an extensive examination of current literature, various risk factors have been identified, encompassing genetic predispositions such as BRCA mutations, hormonal influences, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns. Age, family history, and environmental factors further contribute to the intricate tapestry of breast cancer etiology. Moreover, this review delineates the pivotal role of diagnostic tools in the early detection and management of breast cancer. Mammography, the cornerstone of breast cancer screening, is augmented by emerging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and molecular testing, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing breast malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring widespread accessibility to screening programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of understanding diverse risk factors in the development of breast cancer and emphasizes the critical role of evolving diagnostic modalities in enhancing early detection. The synthesis of current knowledge in this review aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of breast cancer’s multifactorial nature and inform future directions in research, screening strategies, and preventive interventions.